To improve the efficiency of liquid chromatography, the following aspects can be taken into consideration.

(1) Reducing the flow rate of the moving phase will prolong the analysis time.

(2) Reduce the amount of stationary phase, but the sample loading in the chromatographic column also decreases accordingly.

(3) Reduce the particle size of the stationary phase, but not excessively, as excessive reduction can also reduce the permeability of the chromatographic column.

(4) Choosing a low viscosity mobile phase is beneficial for rapid mass transfer, but it is not conducive to multi-component analysis.

(5) Properly increasing the column temperature can reduce the viscosity of the mobile phase, but the column efficiency and separation degree also decrease accordingly.

(6) Minimize the volume of the stationary moving phase as much as possible, but accelerate the flow rate of the moving phase.

From the above introduction, it can be seen that various factors are interrelated and restrictive in the process of chromatographic analysis. Only by tracking and calculating the column efficiency value, continuously researching and practicing our own analytical methods, can we find the best working conditions.